- Neanderthals
- Evidence of some helping others
- Feathers were worn - it could have signified status or origin?
- Evidence of musical instruments
- Invented a type of glue
- Homo Sapiens and Neanderthals interbred with each other
- Theories:
- Population replacement
- Proposes that anatomically modern human beings evolved from a premodern humans in one geographical area
- Multiregional
- Suggests there were a number of different populations within this species that formed different branches and some populations even became extinct along the way
- Most supported by the data
- Middle Ground
- Africa was the source of modern humans, but no complete population replacement
- Earliest modern Homo sapiens and transitional fossils found in Africa
- Most people today have 1-4% Neanderthal DNA
- Most prevalent in Europe, specifically Italy
- Not much in Africa since Neanderthals werenât there
- Upper Paleolithic
- 50,000 years ago
- Broadening of the subsistence base (better use of environment) - small mammal trapping, fishing, different plant species
- New uses for plant materials
- New tool technologies, elaborate cave paintings
- Early Americans
- How did humans get to the Americas?
- People came across âice-free corridorâ through Alaska
- Also it could be that people to maritime routes, but thatâs hard to investigate because those sites are underwater
- People like to hug the coast as they move because thereâs resources
- Clovis points = a technology for sharp tools
- Majority of modern Native Americans derive their ancestry from a population that arrived more than 15,000 years ago
- Supported by linguistic data
- NAGPRA: Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act
- Dictates how Native American remains and significant objects are to be dealt with, permissions around that, and how they should be returned to Indian tribes and Native Hawaiian organizations